What evidence is there for the Shi’ah belief that Imam Ali (A.S) has a status superior to that of prophets, other than Muhammad (PBUH)?

From the Hadith of the Cloak – Hadith al-Kisa:

Then the Lord, Allah Almighty said, ‘O my Angels! O inmates of the heavens! I created the heaven’s expanse, the extensive earth, illuminated moon, radiant sun, rotating planets, rippling oceans, floating vessels and all other things, out of love for the five enveloped in
the cloak.’

At this Jibra’il asked, ‘O Lord, who are the souls enfolded within the cloak?’
And the Lord replied:

‘They are the Ahl al-Bayt of the Prophet, the essence of Prophethood. They are Fatimah, her father, her husband and her two sons’. Bihar al-Anwar Vol. 21 pp. 216


In the prayer for the Lord to place His curse upon those that lied, Qur’an 3:59–61, the ayat of imprecation – Mubahala – revealed when the Prophet (PBUH) sent invitations to everyone to accept the true religion of Allah, Imam Ali (A.S) is referred to as the soul of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
One invitation, sent to the Christians of Najran, a town in Yemen, in the year 9 AH resulted in a deputation of 60 scholars arriving to discuss this matter. Their leader asked who the father of Isa (A.S) was, thinking that the Prophet (PBUH) would agree that God was Isa’s father. Allah revealed to the Prophet (PBUH) that:

Truly the likeness of Isa to Allah is as the likeness of Adam. He created him out of dust and then said ‘Be’ and he was. This is the truth from your Lord, therefore do not be of those who doubt. And say to those who dispute with you after knowledge has been received, ‘Come, let us summon our sons, and your sons, and our women and your women, and ourselves and yourselves, and then let us humbly pray that Allah invoke His curse upon the liars’.
Qur’an 3:59–61

The Christians selected their men, women and children to participate, and a large number of companions assembled at the mosque in support. This crowd was however surprised to see that the Prophet (PBUH), with Imam Hussayn (A.S) in his arms, Imam Hassan (A.S) holding his index finger, walking alongside Fatimah (A.S) with Imam Ali (A.S) just behind her, were to be the sole Muslim representatives. al Zamakhshari (in al-Khashshaf)
al-Fakhr al-Razi (in his Tafsir al-Kabir)
al Suyuti (in al-Durr al-Manthur)